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在户型设计中，除了尺寸、布局、功能等因素外，有一个很容易被忽视，但却又直接影响到居住体验感的条件，那就是动线设计。

空间的流动依赖于动线串联起各个功能区，需要充分考虑居住者在空间使用中的实际需求，通过在串联各个功能区的行动路径中合理布局相对应的空间功能。

动线设计得不好，会让人在空间里反复走动，增加劳动量，动线设计得好，则可以有效减少或避免人在空间内的重复行走和劳动，居住舒适度自然也就上去了。

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动线设计的核心从根本上来说就是住户由此到彼所需的时间和便捷度。

一、常见户内动线

通常来说，住宅的空间动线主要有三大类：分别是居住动线、家务动线和访客动线。

成都国贸鹭原139㎡户型产品，客厅、厨房、X空间各自独立，却也紧密相连。创造无限空间的独特体系和创新的方式，达到一个多功能空间的一体化。设计对室内动线和空间结构的优化，能够满足不同层次的人居需求。

通过玄关进到客厅后，阔尺横厅，打开空间四房一厅两卫的通透格局。将玄关客厅和餐厅连接起来，更关键的是，还把客厅的阳台连接起来，无形中为家人创造了更多的陪伴和互动机会，形成家庭核心区。

透明隔断的厨房可以在料理的同时通过玻璃随时与家人互动，精致的餐具摆件和金属元素形成干净、清晰的纯粹感。动静区域完美分离，餐客厅作为活动区域与卧室互不干扰。提升整体空间价值，传递高品质的生活情调。

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重庆鲁能星城外滩·长江序373㎡户型三条户内动线将空间分成了三个区域，动静分离彻底。多功能复合客厅、社交厨房集中，生活场景更丰富。也有利于保护家庭成员的私隐。

三条动线除玄关外，几乎不交叉，彼此都不打扰，居住舒适度也就上去了。

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1

居住动线

居住动线是家庭成员日常居家活动时走动的路线，设计原则上，既要保证居住者日常生活行动路线的最优化，同时也要保证居住者的私隐空间能得到有效保护。

居住动线中最为基本的居家动线有以下几种：

1、起床：卧室—卫生间—梳妆台/衣柜—客厅—玄关；

2、回家：入户门—玄关—客厅/厨房—餐厅—卫生间—卧室

3、吃饭：厨房—餐厅—客厅

安徽保利芜湖和光瑞府84㎡户型动线设计清晰合理，利用动线将卧室、卫生间、客厅、餐厅、玄关等功能区串联在一条链上，从起床到出门，从进门到休息，动作一气呵成，便捷性高。

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南京招商百家臻园135㎡户型LDKG一体化设计，大空间的客厅被规则地划分为多个区域，空间共享互融，动线简明，来往走动便捷高效。两个次卧与卫生间的距离最小化，确保家庭成员起居的便利。

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2

家务动线

家务动线主要是居家生活中日常劳动家务时走动的路线，设计上需要尽可能保证动线的科学性，将部分空间进行连通合并，减少墙体之间的障碍阻隔，不重复劳动，拿取用品便捷高效。

新城吾悦华府143㎡户型设计开放式社交厨房+复合型多功能客厅构成整个家庭活动公区，下厨与就餐形成良好的互动。从玄关入门后可以快速到达厨房，十分便捷。

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家务动线中，最为常见的如做饭、打扫、洗衣等。

做饭动线的关键点主要是厨房内部、厨房—餐厅之间的连接的快捷程度；

洗衣动线的关键点主要是洗—晾晒—收纳，只要将洗衣机放置在阳台，就能基本解决洗衣动线问题；

打扫动线的关键点主要是拿取工具方便、打扫路线丝滑，合并功能区、减少墙体阻隔，都能有效缩短打扫路径；

打扫动线

▲济南银丰世纪公园175㎡户型平面图

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3

访客动线

访客动线是家里来客时，客人所走过的路线，通常涉及到的场所主要是玄关、客厅、餐厅、客卫等区域，设计原则上一方面需要保证公区的宽敞流畅，同时也要保护居者隐私，保证访客从入户到离开，其活动范围不会经过卧室等私密区。

▲成都首开金地鹭鸣北湖

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万科天琴湾150户型样板间动静分离式设计，访客入户后可以快速到达客餐厅，270°广角边厅开阔轩敞，满足亲友聚会的场所需求。客餐厨一体式布局，厨房延伸吧台，整个活动公区尺寸奢阔，舒适度高，而且动静分区的设计，也能有效保护家庭隐私。

公卫设计在动静区交界处，方便访客偶尔的如厕需求，整体来说，不管是访客，还是居住者的体验感都能得到很好的平衡。

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二、什么是好的动线？

一般来说，居住动线、家务动线与访客动线之间的交叉重叠越少越好，动静分离彻底，行动高效。

1

动线分流，减少动线交叉

尽量减少三大动线之间的交叉，可以避免重叠造成使用上的冲突。

广州建发明珠湾玺139㎡户型动静分离设计，三大动线清晰明朗，除玄关处外，几乎无交叉，能很大程度上保证居住的方便与舒适性。

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对于大平层豪宅产品来说，主人不需要亲自做家务，动线也会分离得更彻底。将居家入户动线和家政入户动线分开，主入口进门，尊崇入户，归家仪式感满满。后勤家政路线，家政人员独立入户，直达家政区，丝毫不会打扰到主人的生活。

南通招商中创·公园道330样板间采用双动线入户设计，主人居家入户动线以及后勤服务入户动线，两条动线互不干扰，清晰明朗，避免流线交叉，确保主人的私密性。

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厦门建发五缘湾湖畔九境267㎡户型全屋采用动静分离设计，整体以玄关为轴分为两大区域，玄关入户右侧动区由社交厨房、餐厅、客厅及客卫构成；左侧为私密静区，双套房设计最大化满足三大同堂的生活仪式感。动区与静区互不干扰，居住、家务、访客三条动线泾渭分明，井然有序。

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2

洄游动线，改善空间变化和趣味性

洄游动线状如环形，通常是围绕某一个空间为中心进行洄游，通过洄游动线串联各个功能区，其特点在于能充分利用空间，可以十分便捷地从中心区到达家庭各个角落，拥有很强的灵活性。

长沙建发·玖洲和玺以客餐厅为家庭中心，将过道与功能区相融合，串联起各大功能区，形成环形洄游动线，不仅提高了空间利用率，也使空间有了更多的变化和趣味性。

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重庆保利中交云上雅集128㎡户型借助客餐厅空间，以多元复合式布局设计，形成以客餐厅为中心，向周边辐射的动线伸展，以一条中轴线聚合全屋功能区，提高空间利用率。

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3

因时而变，迎合变化中的生活习惯

归根结底，让家越住越舒服的动线，关键在于能符合家庭成员的生活习惯，因此，动线设计也需要将人们不断发展的生活习惯变化纳入考量，迎合变化中的生活习惯。

天津中建·时代公园89户型入户动线充分考虑了新时代人们生活习惯的变化。进门换鞋后，先到卫生间洗手，实现洁净归家，拒绝病菌入户，然后再根据实际需求进入厨房、客厅或者卧房，厨房做饭和客厅休息动线独立，井然有序的动线规划弥补了小户型的空间问题。

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广州越秀白云星汇城99㎡户型将不断变化的生活情景纳入设计的考量因素，同样将公卫外移至玄关处，以便满足居住者入门即消杀的需求。

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购物也是现代生活不可或缺的一环，南京招商百家臻园180㎡户型入户左侧就是储藏室，居住者入门后就可以将购物车、婴儿车、屯下的日用品等堆进储藏室，不仅增加了全屋收纳空间，也增加了玄关的容量，实用方便，符合人们的生活习性。

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在白色的世界里，一切似乎都被重新定义，简单中蕴含着无限可能，它如同一张空白的画布，等待着创意的笔触去描绘出生活的多彩多姿。

简约原木风格背后的设计理念和生活哲学，导人们思考和体验简约生活的美好。

大平层的开放式空间设计，不仅让空间显得更加开阔，也让人的心情随之平静，白色与木色的和谐搭配，在无形中提升了家的质感与格调，深刻诠释了简约美学。

留白的墙面和充足的自然光线，为艺术创作提供了灵感。无论是绘画还是手工艺，这里都能成为装载未来的理想之地。

客厅提供了一个舒适的休息区域，同时也是家庭聚会的中心点。浅色地毯更是为室内增添了一抹温馨，同时也为孩子们提供了一个安全的玩耍环境。

在空间中巧妙地留出了一些空白区域，这些留白不是空缺，而是自由的象征。

家具的选择和布局同样体现了“少即是多”的设计理念。无论是在餐厅共享美食，还是在客厅共度休闲时光，家都成为了我们情感交流的港湾。

卧室是休息和放松的私人空间。在这里，舒适的床品和家具单品，以及柔和的灯光，共同营造出一个温馨而安静的睡眠环境。

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What is the basic knowledge of real estate

房地产的基本常识包括哪些

1. Real Estate

1.房地产

Real estate, also known as real estate, is a general term for real estate and real estate, specifically referring to land and its attachments.

房地产又称不动产，是房产和地产的总称，具体地是指土地及其附着物。

Real estate is always connected with real estate as a whole, with integrity and indivisibility

房产总是以地产联结为一体的，具有整体性和不可分割性

2. Property rights

2.房地产产权

It refers to the owner's ownership of the house and the right to use the land occupied by the house.

是指产权人对房屋的所有权和对该房屋所占用土地使用权。

The specific content is the right of the owner to occupy, use, profit and dispose of the real estate according to law.

具体内容是产权人对房地产的占有、使用、收益和依法处分的权利。

3. Land use right

3.土地使用权

It refers to the right of land use right owner to land use, including development right, income right and disposal right.

是指土地使用权拥有者对土地使用的权限，包括开发权、收益权、处置权。

By means of auction, bidding and agreement, the government will transfer the use right of state-owned land to the land users within a certain period of time.

政府以拍卖、招标、协议的方式，将国有土地使用权在一定年限内出让给土地使用者。

After the expiration of the land use right, if the land use meets the requirements of the urban planning at that time, the land user may apply for renewal of the land use, and may continue to use the land after approval and the land price is paid.

土地使用权期满后，如该土地用途符合当时城市规划要求的，土地使用者可申请续用，经批准并补清地价后可以继续使用。

4. Real estate market

4.房地产市场

It mainly includes real estate sales and leasing market.

主要包括房地产买卖、租赁市场。

Including primary market, secondary market and tertiary market:

含一级市场、二级市场和三级市场：

The primary market refers to the market in which the state land administration department (the Municipal Land Administration Bureau) transfers the land use right to real estate developers or other land users for a certain number of years, specified uses and certain prices in the form of land use contracts by means of agreement, bidding and auction according to the land supply plan.

一级市场是指国家土地管理部门(市国土管理局)按土地供应计划，采用协议、招标、拍卖的方式，以土地使用合同的形式，将土地使用权以一定的年限、规定的用途及一定的价格出让给房地产发展商或其他用地者的市场。

The secondary market refers to the market in which real estate developers transfer the built houses together with the corresponding land use rights to units and individuals according to the requirements of the land use contract.

二级市场是指房地产发展商根据土地使用合同的要求将建好的房屋连同相应的土地使用权转让给单位和个人的市场。

The tertiary market refers to the market for the transfer, mortgage and lease of real estate rights between units and individuals, which is the market for the second or multiple transfer of real estate transactions based on the secondary market.

三级市场是指单位、个人之间的房地产权转让、抵押、租赁的市场，它是在二级市场基础上的第二次或多次转让房地产交易活动的市场。

5. Land type

5.土地类型

According to the nature of its use, land is divided into: residential, commercial, industrial, storage, comprehensive land, public facilities and free financing, low-profit housing land.

土地按其使用性质划分为：居住、商业、工业、仓储、综合用地、公共设施及自由集资、微利房用地。

6. Three channels and one level

6.三通一平

Refers to the water, electric, road and site leveling on the basis of development.

是指在发展基础上的水通、电通、路通及场地平整。

7. Seven channels and one level

7.七通一平

Refers to the above, water, sewage, drainage, road, communication, gas, electricity and site leveling.

是指上、下水通，排污通、排水通、路通、通讯通、煤气通、电通及场地平整。

8. Bureau of Land Management

8.土地管理局

Acting on behalf of the state in exercising the rights of land owners, as well as the government department that regulates the real estate market and the real estate industry.

代表国家行使土地所有者的权利，以及对房地产市场、房地产行业管理的政府部门。

9. Notary Office

9.公证处

It is the certification organ of the state and the institution that provides legal notarization.

是国家的证明机关，是提供法律公证的机构。

10. Land Bureau Title Registry

10.国土局产权登记处

It is a department specialized in handling real estate initial registration, transfer registration, mortgage registration, alteration, inheritance, donation and other procedures.

是专门办理房地产初始登记、转移登记、抵押登记、变更、继承、赠与等手续的部门。

11. Real estate certificate

11.房地产证

It is the proof of the two combined ownership of the house land and the legal proof of the real estate ownership.

是房屋土地所有权属二合为一的凭证，是房地产权属的法律凭证。

12. Commercial housing

12.商品房

It refers to the real estate that the developer obtains the land use right for development and construction at the market price and is approved by the land Bureau to circulate in the market. It is the real estate that can be transferred, rented, inherited, mortgaged, donated and exchanged with the independent property ownership certificate.

是指发展商以市场地价取得土地使用权进行开发建设并经国土局批准在市场上流通的房地产，它是可领独立房产证并可转让、出租、继承、抵押、赠与及交换的房地产。

13. Duplex room

13.复式房

The upper and lower floors are combined into one, which is different from the standard room in terms of structure.

上、下两层二合为一，与标准房的结构方面有区别。

What is the basic knowledge of real estate

房地产的基本常识包括哪些

14. Area concept

14.面积概念

Total floor area: refers to the total floor area of each floor.

总建筑面积：是指各层建筑面积的总和。

The bottom construction is calculated according to the outer horizontal area above the wall corner, and the second floor and above the second floor are calculated according to the outer horizontal area of the outer wall.

底层建设按外墙墙角以上的外围水平面积计算，二层及二层以上按外墙外围水平面积计算。

Construction area: refers to the construction area of the house refers to the horizontal area of the space enclosed by the outer wall of the building.

建筑面积：是指住宅的建筑面积是指建筑物外墙外围所围成空间的水平面积。

The building area of high-rise residential buildings is the sum of the building area of each floor.

高层住宅的建筑面积，则是各层建筑面积之和。

The building area includes the usable area of the house, the area of the wall column, the area of the stairs and walkways, and other public stalls.

建筑面积包含了房屋居住的可用面积、墙体柱体占地面积、楼梯走道面积、其他公摊面积等。

Use area: refers to the use area of the house, refers to the sum of the net area of each floor plane of the house directly for the living use of the household.

使用面积：是指住宅的使用面积，指住宅各层平面中直接供住户生活使用的净面积之和。

There are some special rules in calculating the use area: the indoor stairs in the loft type residence are included in the use area according to the total area of the number of natural floors;

计算使用面积时有一些特殊规定：跃层式住宅中的户内楼梯按自然层数的面积总和计入使用面积；

The thickness of the interior wall decoration is also included in the use area.

内墙面装修厚度也计入使用面积。

Public area: The commercial public area refers to the total area occupied by the public corridors, stairs, elevator rooms and water tank rooms in the residential building for the convenience of residents, normal communication and protection of life.

公用面积：商业的公用面积是指住宅内为住户出入方便、正常交往、保障生活所设置的公共走廊、楼梯、电梯间、水箱间等所占面积的总和。

The construction area calculated by the developer when selling commercial housing has the problem of sharing the public area.

开发商在出售商品房时计算的建筑面积存在公共面积的分摊问题。

Usable area: means that it is the balance of "floor area" after deducting the common area.

实用面积：是指它是“建筑面积”扣除公共分摊面积后的余额。

Set area: refers to commonly known as "floor tile area".

套内面积：是指俗称“地砖面积”。

It is the concept of space after deducting the buildings occupying space such as columns and walls on the basis of practical area.

它是在实用面积的基础上扣除了柱体、墙体等占用空间的建筑物后的空间的概念。

The base area of the house: The base area of the house refers to the outer horizontal projection area above the bottom of the building.

房屋的基底面积：房屋的基底面积是指建筑物底层勒脚以上外围水平投影面积。

15. Building density

15.建筑密度

The ratio of the sum of the base areas of all buildings within the land area to the land area.

在用地范围内所有建筑物的基底面积总和与地块面积之比。

16. Floor area ratio

16.容积率

The ratio of the total building area of the specified plot to the plot area.

规定的地块上全部的建筑部面积与地块面积之比。

17. Red line diagram

17.红线图

Also known as a "plot map", it is a topographic plan produced on a certain scale to indicate the site location, boundaries and area of a lot.

又叫“宗地图”，是按一定比例尺制作的用以标示一宗地的用地位置、界线和面积的地形平面图。

It is issued by the government's land management department to the transferee of land use rights, and the transferee can only build within the red line.

它由政府土地管理部门颁发给土地使用权受让者，受让者只能在红线范围内施工建房。

The map is attached to the land use contract and the real estate registration card.

宗地图是土地使用合同书附图及房地产登记卡附图。

It reflects the basic conditions of a lot.

它反映一宗地的基本情况。

It includes: the title line of the lot, the location of the boundary point, the location and nature of the buildings in the lot, and the relationship with the adjacent lot.

包括：宗地权属界线、界址点位置、宗地内建筑物位置与性质，与相邻宗地的关系等。

The attached drawing of the certificate is the attached drawing behind the real estate certificate, which is an important part of the real estate certificate, mainly reflecting the real estate owned by the right holder and the lot in which the real estate is located.

证书附图即房地产证后面的附图，是房地产证的重要组成部分，主要反映权利人拥有的房地产情况及房地产所在宗地情况。

18. Pre-sale license

18.预售许可证

According to the provisions of the house is not built before the sale of this certificate, the developer will send the relevant information to the land bureau to apply for approval before the pre-sale of uncompleted flats.

按规定房屋未建好之前出售均要办理此证，发展商将有关资料送到国土局申请，批准后方可预售楼花。

19. Export license

19.外销许可证

This certificate can be applied for all pre-sale houses abroad.

凡对境外预售的房屋都要办理此证方可出售。

20.

20.

It is an agreement prepared by the relevant government departments to clarify the rights and obligations of both buyers and sellers. All commercial housing sales must sign this contract.

是由政府有关部门统一编制，用以明确买卖双方权利和义务的协议，所有的商品房销售都必须签订此合同。

21. Real estate mortgage contract

21.房地产抵押合同

Is to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties in the real estate mortgage loan, signed by the bank, the owner and the developer.

是明确房地产抵押贷款中双方当事人权利和义务关系，由银行、业主和发展商三方签订。

22. Bank mortgage

22.银行按揭

It refers to an economic behavior of buyers to buy a house and the bank to reach a mortgage loan, the owner pays part of the building payment, the balance is paid by the bank on behalf of the buyer, the buyer's building ownership will be mortgaged in the bank, the buyer will repay the bank loan and interest in installments.

是指购房者购买楼房时与银行达成抵押贷款的一种经济行为，业主先付一部分楼款，余款由银行代购房者支付，购房者的楼房所有权将抵押在银行，购房者将分期偿还银行的贷款和利息。

23. Pre-sale of uncompleted flats

23.预售楼花

That is, pre-sale of buildings.

即楼宇预售。

Real estate operators have obtained the construction land, according to the construction drawings approved by the government, and the capital invested in the development has reached two-thirds of the total investment (excluding the land price), they can apply to the Changchun Real estate property registration Office and handle the registration of pre-sale of buildings, and can be pre-sold after approval.

房地产经营者获取了建设土地，按政府批准的建筑施工图纸施工，且投入开发的资金已达到投资总额的三分之二(用地价款除外)，便可向长春市房地产产权登记处申请和办理楼宇预售登记，经批准后方可预售。

24. Model houses and demonstration units

24.样板房与示范单位

It refers to the room with the same structure as the actual house, but the decoration standard is determined by the developer's sales brochure.

是指与实际房屋的结构相同，但装修标准按发展商的售楼书而定的房间。

The decoration of demonstration units and model houses is different, the purpose is to provide customers with decoration reference.

示范单位与样板房的装修有区别，目的是为提供给客户做装修参考。

25. Property management

25.物业管理

It is a comprehensive management mode of real estate management marketization, which is divided into maintenance management and operational management.

是房地产管理市场化的一种综合性经营方式，分为维护性管理和经营性管理两类。

Maintenance property management functions, mainly for high-rise and multi-storey residential buildings, comprehensive office buildings, standard industrial plants and mechanical and electrical equipment maintenance, public security, fire protection, environmental health and other services to provide owners with a good working and living environment.

维护性物业管理的职能，主要为高层与多层住宅、综合写字楼、标准工业厂房等楼宇及机电设备保养维修、治安、消防、环境卫生及其他服务为业主提供良好的工作和居住环境。

In addition to the maintenance management function, the operational property management also achieves the purpose of recovering investment and obtaining profits through the rental operation of the property.

经营性物业管理除具有维护性管理职能外，还通过对物业出租经营达到回收投资和获取利润的目的。

26. Real estate appraisal

26.房地产评估

Is the real estate appraiser according to the relevant information and data of real estate, choose the appropriate appraisal method, according to a certain appraisal procedure, and finally determine the price and value of the property process.

就是房地产估价师根据房地产的有关信息、数据，选择合适的估价方法，按照一定的估价程序，最后确定物业的价格和价值的过程。

The main methods of evaluation are: 1. Market comparison method;

评估的主要方法有：1、市场比较法；

2. Income restoration method;

2、收益还原法；

3. Residual method;

3、剩余法；

4. Cost method.

4、成本法。

27. Cashier's check

27.银行本票

A bill that a payer deposits with a bank and is issued to him by the bank for transfer and settlement or cash withdrawal.

是付款人将款项交存银行，由银行签发给他凭此可以办理转帐结算或支取现金的票据。

It is valid for one month.

有效期为一个月。

28. Bank draft

28.银行汇票

The remitter deposits the money with the local bank, and the bank issues the bill to the remitter for transfer settlement or cash withdrawal in a different place.

是汇款人将款项交存当地银行，由银行签发给汇款人持往异地办理转帐结算或支取现金的票据。

It is valid for one month.

有效期为一个月。

29. Bank check

29.银行支票

It is a bill issued by the depositor of the bank to the payee for transfer or to entrust the bank to pay the money to the payee.

是银行的存款人签发给受款人办理转帐或委托开户银行将款项支付给受款人的票据。

It is valid for ten days.

有效期为十天。

30. Confirmation of rights

30.确权

Right confirmation is in accordance with the provisions of laws and policies, through the real estate declaration, ownership investigation, cadastral survey, examination and approval, registration, registration, issuance of certificates and other registration procedures, to confirm the ownership of a real estate, the subordination of the right to use and other rights.

确权是依照法律、政策的规定，经过房地产申报、权属调查、地籍勘丈、审核批准、登记注册、发放证书等登记规定程序，确认某一房地产的所有权、使用权的隶属关系和他项权利。

31. Ownership surveys include content

31.权属调查包括内容

The investigation of real estate ownership includes: examining whether the land source is legal, whether the land area is beyond the prescribed scope;

房地产权属调查包括：审查土地来源是否合法、占地是否超出规定的范围；

To examine whether the building has added floors, exceeded the area, changed the structure, changed the use, etc.;

审查建筑物有没有加层、超面积、改结构、改用途等情况；

Confirm the owner of the real estate, the nature of the right, the source of the right, the time of acquisition, the period of use, the status of the right, the change and the use, the value, the grade, the location, etc.

确认房地产的权利人、权利性质、权属来源、取得时间、使用年限、权利状况、变化情况和用途、价值、等级、座落等。